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The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health
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Cancers of the bladder

N Sengupta, BSc, MBBS

Department of Urology, Chase Farm Hospital, The Ridgeway, Enfield EN2 8JL, England

Emad Siddiqui, BSc, MBBS, MRCS

Department of Surgery and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free and University College Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2QG, England, and Department of Urology, Chase Farm Hospital, Enfield EN2 8JR, England

Faiz H Mumtaz, MD, FRCS

Department of Urology, Chase Farm Hospital, Enfield EN2 8JR, England

Bladder cancer is the fifth most common malignancy in Europe and the fourth most common malignancy in the United States.1 It affects one in 4000 people and accounts for 5% of all diagnosed cancers. The peak incidence is in the fifth and seventh decade.

There is a strong association between smoking and bladder cancer. Smokers have a fourfold higher incidence of developing bladder cancer than the general population.2

The disease has a spectrum of clinical severity varying from superficial bladder cancer to muscle invasive or metastatic disease which carries a poor prognosis. Currently the superficial form of the disease is managed by endoscopic resection of the tumour, often followed by the instillation into the bladder of cytotoxic agents. Due to the tendency of bladder cancer to recur repeated cystoscopies and resections are often required. Because of this, one of the main thrusts of research is to find a way of preventing the progression from superficial disease to muscle invasive and metastatic bladder cancer.

Key Words: Bladder cancer • cystectomy • cytoscopy • endoscopic haematuria

The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, Vol. 124, No. 5, 228-229 (2004)
DOI: 10.1177/146642400412400520
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